Mithat Konar

• Webster: The study of computers and their uses.¹⁾
• Oxford: The study of the principles and use of computers.²⁾
• University at Buffalo: The systematic study of algorithmic methods for representing and transforming information.³⁾

• computer science: The science of what can be computed.
• computational science
  • What is computation?

• algorithms
• theory of computation
• computer architecture
• software systems
• artificial intelligence⁴⁾

• computer graphics
• databases
• networks and protocols
• numerical methods
• operating systems
• parallel computing
• simulation and modeling
• software engineering.⁵⁾

⁶⁾

• The word algorithm is derived from the name of 9th-century mathematician and astronomer Al-Khwarizmi.
  • Worked under the caliphate of al-Ma'mun in Baghdad.
  • Also introduced “al-jabr”, which in English is called “algebra”. (The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing)
• First appears in European texts in 17th century.
• Modern usage in 19th century.

• Webster: A set of steps that are followed in order to solve a mathematical problem or to complete a computer process.⁷⁾
• Oxford: A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.⁸⁾

• “Long” cardinal number multiplication: A * B

let C equal 0
repeat the following B times:
    add A to C
the desired result is C

• The physical stuff.

• computer software: a set of program instructions and its related data and documentation that can be executed by computer.