Mithat Konar (the wiki)

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~~SLIDESHOW~~

====== Computer Science Fundamentals ======
Mithat Konar\\ 


===== What is computer science? =====

  *  Webster: //The study of computers and their uses.//((Merriam-Webster. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/computer science.))
  * Oxford: //The study of the principles and use of computers.//(("Definition of Computer Science in English:" Computer Science: Definition of Computer Science in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/computer-science?q=computer science.))
  * University at Buffalo: //The systematic study of algorithmic methods for representing and transforming information.//(("UB - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York." What Is Computer Science? Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/undergrad/what_is_CS.php.))

===== What is computer science? =====

  * **computer science**: The science of what can be computed.
  * **//computational// science**
    * What is computation?

=====  Major branches of computer science =====

  * algorithms
  * theory of computation
  * computer architecture
  * software systems
  * artificial intelligence(("UB - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York." What Is Computer Science? Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/undergrad/what_is_CS.php.))

===== Computer science topics =====

  * computer graphics
  * databases
  * networks and protocols
  * numerical methods
  * operating systems
  * parallel computing
  * simulation and modeling
  * software engineering.(("UB - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York." What Is Computer Science? Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/undergrad/what_is_CS.php.))

===== Application fields =====

{{:computer_basics:computational-fields.png?600|}}((From Charles Dierbach, //Introduction to Computer Science Using Python: A Computational Problem-solving Focus// (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013).))

===== What about programming? =====

{{:computer_basics:gear-tools-300px.png|}}

===== Algorithms =====

  * The word **algorithm** is derived from the name of 9th-century mathematician and astronomer Al-Khwarizmi.
    * Worked under the caliphate of al-Ma'mun in Baghdad. 
    * Also introduced "al-jabr", which in English is called "algebra". (//[[wp>The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing]]//)
  * First appears in European texts in 17th century.
  * Modern usage in 19th century.

===== Algorithms =====

  * Webster: //A set of steps that are followed in order to solve a mathematical problem or to complete a computer process.//((Merriam-Webster. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm.))
  * Oxford: //A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.//(("Definition of algorithm in English:" Computer Science: Definition of Computer Science in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/algorithm.))

===== Algorithm example =====

  * "Long" cardinal number multiplication: ''A * B''

<code>
let C equal 0
repeat the following B times:
    add A to C
the desired result is C
</code>

===== What is a computer? =====

{{:computer_basics:computer-diagram.png|}}

===== Hardware =====

  * The physical stuff.

===== Software =====

  * **computer software**: a set of program instructions and its related data and documentation that can be executed by computer.

===== Kinds of software =====

{{:computer_basics:kinds-of-software.png?|}}

===== Fin =====

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