computer_basics:operating_system_fundamentals
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computer_basics:operating_system_fundamentals [2019/12/05 04:11] – [Booting step 6/: Authenticate user] mithat | computer_basics:operating_system_fundamentals [2019/12/06 05:11] (current) – [Booting part 1: BIOS and EFI] mithat | ||
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* Providing a user interface for communication | * Providing a user interface for communication | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* OS's first job is to load itself into RAM | * OS's first job is to load itself into RAM | ||
* Called **booting**. | * Called **booting**. | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
{{: | {{: | ||
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* Usually stored in flash memory or CMOS memory chip. | * Usually stored in flash memory or CMOS memory chip. | ||
- | ===== Booting | + | ===== Booting |
* Most newer desktops and laptops use **EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)** instead of a BIOS. | * Most newer desktops and laptops use **EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface)** instead of a BIOS. | ||
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* Typically a user name and password or fingerprint scan or special code. | * Typically a user name and password or fingerprint scan or special code. | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* **Multitasking** operating systems permit more than one application to run at the same time. | * **Multitasking** operating systems permit more than one application to run at the same time. | ||
* The **foreground application** is the active one. | * The **foreground application** is the active one. | ||
* The **background applications** appear inactive. | * The **background applications** appear inactive. | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* The OS | * The OS | ||
* gives each program a portion of RAM memory. | * gives each program a portion of RAM memory. | ||
* keeps them from interfering with each other. | * keeps them from interfering with each other. | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* RAM is organized into **pages**: units of large fixed size. | * RAM is organized into **pages**: units of large fixed size. | ||
* **Virtual memory** uses a portion of the hard disk to extend RAM. | * **Virtual memory** uses a portion of the hard disk to extend RAM. | ||
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{{: | {{: | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* Adding more RAM is often a good way to improve computer performance because: | * Adding more RAM is often a good way to improve computer performance because: | ||
- | * Paging slows the computer | + | * Paging slows the computer. |
- | * Accessing data from the hard disk is slower than accessing it from RAM | + | * Accessing data from the hard disk is slower than accessing it from RAM. |
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* Applications access input and output devices via the OS. | * Applications access input and output devices via the OS. | ||
* Device drivers enable communication between the OS and input and output (and other) devices. | * Device drivers enable communication between the OS and input and output (and other) devices. | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* The **user interface** allows the user to: | * The **user interface** allows the user to: | ||
* Start application programs | * Start application programs | ||
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a) graphical, b) menu-driven, | a) graphical, b) menu-driven, | ||
- | ===== OS Function | + | ===== OS function |
* Types of user interfaces: | * Types of user interfaces: | ||
* **graphical user interface (GUI)** uses **icons** and other visual metaphors. | * **graphical user interface (GUI)** uses **icons** and other visual metaphors. | ||
* **menu-driven interface**: | * **menu-driven interface**: | ||
- | * Provides text-based menus | + | * Provides text-based menus. |
- | * Displays available user options | + | * Displays available user options. |
* **command-line interface**: | * **command-line interface**: | ||
- | * Requires the user to type commands to instruct the OS to perform the desired actions | + | * Requires the user to type commands to instruct the OS to perform the desired actions. |
computer_basics/operating_system_fundamentals.txt · Last modified: 2019/12/06 05:11 by mithat