Mithat Konar (the wiki)

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====== Create Your First Page in Symfony ======
===== TL;DR =====
  * Controllers live in **''src/AppBundle/Controller''**.
  * Templates live in **''app/Resources/views''**.
  * Use annotation in controllers to specify routes.
  * **''app/''**: Contains things like configuration and templates--basically, anything that is not PHP code.
  * **''src/''**: Your PHP code lives here. 
  * **''web/''**: Document root for the project; contains any publicly accessible files like CSS, images and the front controllers (''app_dev.php'' and ''app.php'').
  * **''vendor/''**: Third-party libraries and bundles downloaded by [[https://getcomposer.org/|Composer]].
  * The main configuration file for bundles is **''app/config/config.yml''**.

<file php src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php>
<?php

namespace AppBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class LuckyController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @Route("/lucky/number/{count}", name="lucky_number_count")
     */
    public function numberAction($count)
    {
        $numbers = array();
        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
            $numbers[] = rand(0, 100);
        }
        $numbersList = implode(', ', $numbers);

        return $this->render(
            'lucky/number.html.twig', [
                'luckyNumberList' => $numbersList
            ]
        );
    }
}
</file>

<file twig app/Resources/views/lucky/number.html.twig>
{% extends 'base.html.twig' %}
{% block body %}
    <h1>Lucky Numbers: {{ luckyNumberList }}</h1>
{% endblock %}
</file>
===== Creating a new route/controller (static URL) =====

Controllers live in **''src/AppBundle/Controller''**. Create with name ''<somename>Controller.php'' and use annotation to specify routes:

<file php src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php>
<?php

namespace AppBundle\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class LuckyController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @Route("/lucky/number")
     */
    public function numberAction()
    {
        $number = rand(0, 100);

        return new Response(
            '<html><body>Lucky number: '.$number.'</body></html>'
        );
    }
}
</file>

===== JSON =====
<file php src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php>
    // ...
    /**
     * @Route("/api/lucky/number")
     */
    public function apiNumberAction()
    {
        $data = array(
            'lucky_number' => rand(0, 100),
        );

        return new Response(
            json_encode($data),
            200,
            array('Content-Type' => 'application/json')
        );
    }
    // ...
</file>
or
<file php src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php>
// ...
// --> don't forget this new use statement
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\JsonResponse;

    // ...

    /**
     * @Route("/api/lucky/number")
     */
    public function apiNumberAction()
    {
        $data = array(
            'lucky_number' => rand(0, 100),
        );

        // calls json_encode and sets the Content-Type header
        return new JsonResponse($data);
    }

    // ...
</file>

===== Dynamic URL Patterns =====
<file php src/AppBundle/Controller/LuckyController.php>
    /**
     * @Route("/lucky/number/{count}")
     */
    public function numberAction($count)
    {
        $numbers = array();
        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
            $numbers[] = rand(0, 100);
        }
        $numbersList = implode(', ', $numbers);

        return new Response(
            '<html><body>Lucky numbers: '.$numbersList.'</body></html>'
        );
    }

    // ...
</file>

===== Rendering a Template (with the Service Container) =====
From within the controller action:
<code php>
    $html = $this->container->get('templating')->render(
        'lucky/number.html.twig',
        array('luckyNumberList' => $numbersList)
    );
    
    return new Response($html);
</code>

or, more tersely:

<code php>
    return $this->render(
        'lucky/number.html.twig',
        array('luckyNumberList' => $numbersList)
    );
</code>

Templates live in **''app/Resources/views''**:

<file twig app/Resources/views/lucky/number.html.twig>
{% extends 'base.html.twig' %}
{% block body %}
    <h1>Lucky Numbers: {{ luckyNumberList }}</h1>
{% endblock %}
</file>

===== Directories =====

  * ''app/'': Contains things like configuration and templates. Basically, anything that is not PHP code goes here.
  * ''src/'': Your PHP code lives here. 
  * ''web/'': Document root for the project; contains any publicly accessible files, like CSS, images and the front controllers that execute the app (''app_dev.php'' and ''app.php'').
  * ''vendor/'': Third-party libraries and bundles downloaded by [[https://getcomposer.org/|Composer]].

===== Application Configuration =====
The main configuration file for bundles is **''app/config/config.yml''**:

<file yaml app/config/config.yml>

framework:
    secret: "%secret%"
    router:
        resource: "%kernel.root_dir%/config/routing.yml"
    # ...

twig:
    debug:            "%kernel.debug%"
    strict_variables: "%kernel.debug%"

# ...
</file>

Dump of all of the valid configuration under a key:
<code bash>
$ app/console config:dump-reference <key>
</code>