Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- cplusplus:c_vs._c [2016/04/21 23:15] – [Dynamic memory is different] mithat
+++ cplusplus:c_vs._c [2016/04/22 01:10] (current) – mithat
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-~~SLIDESHOW~~
+Moved to [[cplusplus:c_versus_cplusplus|C versus C++]].
-====== C versus C++ ======
-Adapted from \\
-**Differences Between C and C++** \\
-by Robert Niemann (Century College) \\
-/22/2015
-Adapted by Mithat Konar
-===== C is not object-oriented =====
-  * You can't create classes or objects in C.
-  * You can't use any of C++'s predefined classes and objects.
-    * ''cin''
-    * ''cout''
-    * ''string''
-    * ''class''
-    * etc.
-===== Input and output =====
-  * Input/output is generally more complicated in C.
-===== Console I/O =====
-  * ''printf()'' write a formatted string to the display
-  * ''scanf()'' read a formatted string from the keyboard
-  * ''putchar()'' write a single character to the display
-  * ''getchar()'' read a single character from the keyboard
-  * ''puts()'' write strings to the display
-  * ''gets()''  read a string from the keyboard
-===== File I/O =====
-  * ''fopen()'', ''fclose()'' open/close a text file.
-  * ''feof()'' detect end-of-file marker in a file.
-  * ''fscanf()'' read formatted string from a file.
-  * ''fprintf()'' write formatted string to a file.
-  * ''fgets()'' read a string from a file.
-  * ''fputs()'' write a string to a file.
-  * ''fgetc()'' read single character from a file.
-  * ''fputc()'' write a single character to a file.
-===== Different header files =====
-  * ''<stdio.h>'' input/output
-  * ''<stdlib.h>'' standard utility functions
-  * ''<string.h>'' string operations
-  * ''<ctype.h>'' character class tests
-  * ''<math.h>'' mathematical functions
-===== C does not have =====
-  * boolean type
-  * reference variables
-  * function overloading
-  * ''%%//%% single line comments'' (in older versions of C).
-===== Defining variables =====
-  * You must define variables at the beginning of a function.<code c>
-int  main( )
-{
-    int a,b,c;
-    float x,y,z;
-    ...
-</code>
-===== Prototypes =====
-  * You don’t need function prototypes. <code c>
-int main()
-{
-    foo();
-    return 0;
-}
-int foo()
-{
-    printf( "Hello world" );
-}
-</code>
-  * Best practice to use them anyway.
-===== Named constants and macros =====
-  * ''const'' is available only in newer versions of C.
-  * ''#define'' precompiler directive typically used instead for named constants.<code c>
-#define PI 3.1415
-#define TAX_RATE 0.065
-</code>
-  * ''#define'' can also be used to create macros.<code c>
-#define square(x) ((x) * (x))
-</code>
-===== Dynamic memory is different =====
-  * Allocating memory:<code c>
-int *x = malloc(sizeof(int));          /* allocate a single int */
-int *x_arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * 10); /* allocate array of 10 ints */
-</code>
-  * Deallocating memory:<code c>
-free( x );
-free( x_arr );
-</code>
-===== Structs =====
-  * Need to use ''struct'' keyword when defining ''struct'' variables.<code c>
-struct MyStruct
-{
-    int x;
-};
-struct MyStruct aStructInstance;
-</code>
-===== C Examples =====
-  * Look [[C examples|here]].
-===== Some C Resources =====
-  * [[https://www.math.brown.edu/~jhs/ReferenceCards/CRefCard.v2.2.pdf|C Reference Card (ANSI)]]
-  * A [[http://www.tutorialspoint.com/cprogramming/|C Tutorial]] from Tutorials Point