~~SLIDESHOW~~
====== Computer Science Fundamentals ======
Mithat Konar\\
===== What is computer science? =====
* Webster: //The study of computers and their uses.//((Merriam-Webster. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/computer science.))
* Oxford: //The study of the principles and use of computers.//(("Definition of Computer Science in English:" Computer Science: Definition of Computer Science in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/computer-science?q=computer science.))
* University at Buffalo: //The systematic study of algorithmic methods for representing and transforming information.//(("UB - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York." What Is Computer Science? Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/undergrad/what_is_CS.php.))
===== What is computer science? =====
* **computer science**: The science of what can be computed.
* **//computational// science**
* What is computation?
===== Major branches of computer science =====
* algorithms
* theory of computation
* computer architecture
* software systems
* artificial intelligence(("UB - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York." What Is Computer Science? Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/undergrad/what_is_CS.php.))
===== Computer science topics =====
* computer graphics
* databases
* networks and protocols
* numerical methods
* operating systems
* parallel computing
* simulation and modeling
* software engineering.(("UB - University at Buffalo, The State University of New York." What Is Computer Science? Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/undergrad/what_is_CS.php.))
===== Application fields =====
{{:computer_basics:computational-fields.png?600|}}((From Charles Dierbach, //Introduction to Computer Science Using Python: A Computational Problem-solving Focus// (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2013).))
===== What about programming? =====
{{:computer_basics:gear-tools-300px.png|}}
===== Algorithms =====
* The word **algorithm** is derived from the name of 9th-century mathematician and astronomer Al-Khwarizmi.
* Worked under the caliphate of al-Ma'mun in Baghdad.
* Also introduced "al-jabr", which in English is called "algebra". (//[[wp>The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing]]//)
* First appears in European texts in 17th century.
* Modern usage in 19th century.
===== Algorithms =====
* Webster: //A set of steps that are followed in order to solve a mathematical problem or to complete a computer process.//((Merriam-Webster. Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/algorithm.))
* Oxford: //A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.//(("Definition of algorithm in English:" Computer Science: Definition of Computer Science in Oxford Dictionary (American English) (US). Accessed July 25, 2016. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/algorithm.))
===== Algorithm example =====
* "Long" cardinal number multiplication: ''A * B''
let C equal 0
repeat the following B times:
add A to C
the desired result is C
===== What is a computer? =====
{{:computer_basics:computer-diagram.png|}}
===== Hardware =====
* The physical stuff.
===== Software =====
* **computer software**: a set of program instructions and its related data and documentation that can be executed by computer.
===== Kinds of software =====
{{:computer_basics:kinds-of-software.png?|}}
===== Fin =====