computer_basics:a_short_history_of_operating_systems
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computer_basics:a_short_history_of_operating_systems [2019/12/05 04:27] – [A Short History of Operating Systems] mithat | computer_basics:a_short_history_of_operating_systems [2019/12/05 04:49] – [GUI desktop era] mithat | ||
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===== The major eras ===== | ===== The major eras ===== | ||
+ | * The no-OS era | ||
* Mainframe/ | * Mainframe/ | ||
* The personal computing era | * The personal computing era | ||
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* Open source " | * Open source " | ||
* Mobile era | * Mobile era | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== The no-OS era ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * **until ~1960** | ||
+ | * Earliest computers did not have operating systems. | ||
+ | * Expectations and capabilities were simple enough that OSes weren' | ||
+ | * Many limited-capability modern computers still don't have OSes. | ||
+ | * Simple remote controls | ||
+ | * Microwave oven panels | ||
===== Mainframe/ | ===== Mainframe/ | ||
* **~1960-1975** | * **~1960-1975** | ||
- | * multiuser, multitasking | + | * multiuser |
* UNIX (late 1960' | * UNIX (late 1960' | ||
* many versions | * many versions | ||
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* **~1975-1985** | * **~1975-1985** | ||
* a.k.a. **microcomputer** era | * a.k.a. **microcomputer** era | ||
- | * single user, single tasking | + | * single user (no authentication), single tasking |
* CLI and menu UI | * CLI and menu UI | ||
* CP/M (1974) | * CP/M (1974) | ||
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===== GUI desktop era ===== | ===== GUI desktop era ===== | ||
- | * Windows | + | * Microsoft |
* 1.0 (1985), 3.1 (1992): DOS-based | * 1.0 (1985), 3.1 (1992): DOS-based | ||
* Windows NT (1993): UNIX competitor | * Windows NT (1993): UNIX competitor | ||
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===== GUI desktop era ===== | ===== GUI desktop era ===== | ||
- | * Apple OS X (2001) | + | * Apple's Mac OS X/OS X/ |
- | * Unix-based (Darwin BSD) | + | * Unix-based (Darwin BSD) |
- | * Now called macOS | + | * Google' |
+ | * Linux core hosting Google Chrome and Chrome-based apps. | ||
===== Open-source alternatives ===== | ===== Open-source alternatives ===== | ||
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* Linux (1991) | * Linux (1991) | ||
* BSD UNIX (open versions since ~1991) | * BSD UNIX (open versions since ~1991) | ||
- | * Can be configured | + | * Great for desktop/laptop use. |
+ | * Great for servers. | ||
* Linux powers most Web servers | * Linux powers most Web servers | ||
- | * Great for desktop/ | + | |
===== Mobile era ===== | ===== Mobile era ===== | ||
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* Firefox OS (c. 2013) | * Firefox OS (c. 2013) | ||
* Ubuntu Touch (2013) | * Ubuntu Touch (2013) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Mobile era ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Android Wear / Wear OS (2014) | ||
+ | * watchOS (2015) | ||
* iPadOS (2019) | * iPadOS (2019) | ||
* Many small Linux projects | * Many small Linux projects |
computer_basics/a_short_history_of_operating_systems.txt · Last modified: 2019/12/05 04:50 by mithat