====== Chapter 13 ======

<WRAP center round important 60%>
If you read nothing else here, you should check out the section on [[#permissions]].
</WRAP>

===== p. 544 =====

The //File > New > Service// menu has changed in Android Studio 1.5.1. Now there are explicit entries for the two Intent classes.

===== p. 547: Code block =====
<file java DelayedMessageService.java>
package com.hfad.joke;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class DelayedMessageService extends IntentService {
    public static final String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "message";

    public DelayedMessageService() {
        super("DelayedMessageService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                wait(10000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        String text = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE);
        showText(text);
    }

    private void showText(final String text) {
        Log.v("DelayedMessageService", "The message is: " + text);
    }
}
</file>

===== p. 550: Code block =====
<code java>
    public void onClick(View view) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, DelayedMessageService.class);
        intent.putExtra(DelayedMessageService.EXTRA_MESSAGE,
                getResources().getString(R.string.button_response));
        startService(intent);
    }
</code>

===== p. 553 =====

In other words, while most IntentService methods run off the main thread, but ''onStartCommand()'' runs on the main thread.

===== p. 554 =====

<file java DelayedMessageService.java>
package com.hfad.joke;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class DelayedMessageService extends IntentService {
    public static final String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "message";
    private Handler handler;

    public DelayedMessageService() {
        super("DelayedMessageService");
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        // This method runs on the main thread, so the Handler that's
        // instantiated here will also be running on the main thread.    
        handler = new Handler();
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                wait(10000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        String text = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE);
        showText(text);
    }

    private void showText(final String text) {
        handler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), text,
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
    }
}
</file>


===== pp. 562-563: Code block =====

<file java DelayedMessageService.java>
package com.hfad.joke;

import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.app.TaskStackBuilder;
import android.content.Context;

public class DelayedMessageService extends IntentService {
    public static final String EXTRA_MESSAGE = "message";
    public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 5453;

    public DelayedMessageService() {
        super("DelayedMessageService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
        synchronized (this) {
            try {
                wait(10000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        String text = intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_MESSAGE);
        showText(text);
    }

    private void showText(final String text) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);
        // No, really ... this is a common enough pattern, why doesn't 
        // Android do the backstack/pendingIntent construction at a
        // higher level?
        TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder = TaskStackBuilder.create(this);
        stackBuilder.addParentStack(MainActivity.class);
        stackBuilder.addNextIntent(intent);
        PendingIntent pendingIntent =
            stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
        Notification notification = new Notification.Builder(this)
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
            .setContentTitle(getString(R.string.app_name))
            .setAutoCancel(true)
            .setPriority(Notification.PRIORITY_MAX)
            .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE)
            .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
            .setContentText(text)
            .build();
        NotificationManager notificationManager =
            (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);
    }
}
</file>

===== pp. 580-581: Code block =====

<file java OdometerService.java>
package com.hfad.odometer;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class OdometerService extends Service {

    private final IBinder binder = new OdometerBinder();
    private static double distanceInMeters;
    private static Location lastLocation = null;
    private LocationListener listener;
    private LocationManager locManager;

    public class OdometerBinder extends Binder {
        OdometerService getOdometer() {
            return OdometerService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return binder;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        listener = new LocationListener() {
            @Override
            public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
                if (lastLocation == null) {
                    lastLocation = location;
                }
                distanceInMeters += location.distanceTo(lastLocation);
                lastLocation = location;
            }

            @Override
            public void onProviderDisabled(String arg0) {}

            @Override
            public void onProviderEnabled(String arg0) {}

            @Override
            public void onStatusChanged(String arg0, int arg1, Bundle bundle) {}
        };
        locManager = (LocationManager)getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        locManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 1000, 1, listener);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        if (locManager != null && listener != null) {
            locManager.removeUpdates(listener);
            locManager = null;
            listener = null;
        }
    }

    public double getMiles() {
        return this.distanceInMeters / 1609.344;
    }
}
</file>

===== Permissions? =====

You will probably continue to see editor rage even after you add the location services permissions to //AndroidManifest.xml//. The autofix will suggest that you "Add Permission Check." This is because permission handling has [[https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html|changed in Android 6.0 (API level 23)]]. Instead of the permissions being asked for at install time, they are now asked at run time.

> If the device is running Android 5.1 or lower, **or** your app's target SDK is 22 or lower: If you list a dangerous permission in your manifest, the user has to grant the permission when they install the app; if they do not grant the permission, the system does not install the app at all.
>
> If the device is running Android 6.0 or higher, **and** your app's target SDK is 23 or higher: The app has to list the permissions in the manifest, and it must request each dangerous permission it needs while the app is running. The user can grant or deny each permission, and the app can continue to run with limited capabilities even if the user denies a permission request. 

For the purposes of this app, we can work around this change by targeting SDK 22 instead of SDK 23. But if you plan on going further with Android development, you should carefully read the developer documentation regarding [[https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html|requesting permissions]].

To downgrade the target SDK to 22, with the left panel set to "Android" mode, open //Grade Scripts > Build.grade ()// and change
<code>
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.hfad.odometer"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 23
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
</code> to
<code>
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.hfad.odometer"
        minSdkVersion 16
        targetSdkVersion 22
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }</code>

The IDE will tell you that the project needs to be synced, which you should do. And for good measure, from the menu bar, do a //Build > Clean Project//.

===== Code block =====
<file java MainActivity.java>
package com.hfad.odometer;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private OdometerService odometer;
    private boolean bound = false;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder binder) {
            OdometerService.OdometerBinder odometerBinder =
                    (OdometerService.OdometerBinder) binder;
            odometer = odometerBinder.getOdometer();
            bound = true;
        }
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
            bound = false;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        watchMileage();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, OdometerService.class);
        bindService(intent, connection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        if (bound) {
            unbindService(connection);
            bound = false;
        }
    }

    private void watchMileage() {
        final TextView distanceView = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.distance);
        final Handler handler = new Handler();
        handler.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                double distance = 0.0;
                if (odometer != null) {
                    distance = odometer.getMiles();
                }
                String distanceStr = String.format("%1$,.2f miles", distance);
                distanceView.setText(distanceStr);
                handler.postDelayed(this, 1000);
            }
        });
    }
}
</file>