cplusplus:control_structures_selection
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cplusplus:control_structures_selection [2013/02/03 06:04] – mithat | cplusplus:control_structures_selection [2017/01/31 23:57] (current) – [C++ logical operators] mithat | ||
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====== Control Structures: Selection ====== | ====== Control Structures: Selection ====== | ||
- | Mithat Konar\\ | + | Mithat Konar\\ |
- | 2013-02-02 | + | |
===== Introduction ===== | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
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* Three kinds of control structures are used in C++ and many other languages: | * Three kinds of control structures are used in C++ and many other languages: | ||
- | * **Sequence | + | * **Sequence** |
* Statements are executed one after the other. | * Statements are executed one after the other. | ||
- | * This happens by default in C++. | + | * This is C++'s default behavior! |
* **Selection structures** | * **Selection structures** | ||
* Used to choose among alternative courses of action. | * Used to choose among alternative courses of action. | ||
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===== Single-entry/ | ===== Single-entry/ | ||
- | | + | * Control structures that are entered from one point and exited from one point. |
- | | + | * Connect the exit point of one control structure to entry point of the next: **control-structure stacking**. |
- | * Connect the exit point of one control structure to entry point of the next: **control-structure stacking**. | + | * Makes programs easy to build. |
- | * Makes programs easy to build. | + | |
===== Selection structures ===== | ===== Selection structures ===== | ||
- | * There are four selection structures available in C++: | + | * Four selection structures available in C++: |
* //if// | * //if// | ||
* //if/else// | * //if/else// | ||
* //nested if/else// | * //nested if/else// | ||
* //switch// | * //switch// | ||
+ | * Also has a ternary // | ||
===== if selection structure ===== | ===== if selection structure ===== | ||
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* Pseudocode example:< | * Pseudocode example:< | ||
print " | print " | ||
+ | * The '' | ||
===== if syntax ===== | ===== if syntax ===== | ||
- | * C++ syntax:< | + | * C++ syntax:<code c++>if (< |
+ | < | ||
+ | * Example:<code c++>if (grade > 60) | ||
cout << " | cout << " | ||
* [[selection_examples# | * [[selection_examples# | ||
- | * The '' | ||
===== Relational operators ===== | ===== Relational operators ===== | ||
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else | else | ||
print " | print " | ||
+ | * The '' | ||
===== if/else syntax ===== | ===== if/else syntax ===== | ||
- | * C++ syntax:< | + | * C++ syntax:<code C++>if (< |
+ | < | ||
+ | else | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | * Example:<code C++>if (grade >= 60) | ||
cout << " | cout << " | ||
else | else | ||
cout << " | cout << " | ||
* [[selection_examples# | * [[selection_examples# | ||
- | * The '' | ||
===== Nested if/else selection structure ===== | ===== Nested if/else selection structure ===== | ||
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* A **simple statement** in C++ is any statement that ends with a semicolon: <code c++>cout << "This is a simple statement." | * A **simple statement** in C++ is any statement that ends with a semicolon: <code c++>cout << "This is a simple statement." | ||
* A **compound statement** is a set of simple statements placed between curly brackets: <code c++>{ | * A **compound statement** is a set of simple statements placed between curly brackets: <code c++>{ | ||
- | | + | |
- | cout << "compound statement." << endl; | + | cout << "The magic number is: " |
}</ | }</ | ||
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* ''&&'' | * ''&&'' | ||
* Takes two operands | * Takes two operands | ||
- | * Returns '' | + | * Returns '' |
* '' | * '' | ||
* Takes two operands | * Takes two operands | ||
- | * Returns '' | + | * Returns '' |
* '' | * '' | ||
* Takes one operand | * Takes one operand | ||
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|'' | |'' | ||
|'' | |'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[selection_examples# | ||
===== Short-circuiting ===== | ===== Short-circuiting ===== | ||
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===== Comparing characters and strings ===== | ===== Comparing characters and strings ===== | ||
- | * See Gaddis 4.12. | + | |
+ | | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== switch structure ===== | ||
+ | * [[selection_examples# | ||
+ | * See Gaddis 4.14 (programs Pr4-23.cpp to Pr4-27.cpp). | ||
===== The conditional operator ===== | ===== The conditional operator ===== | ||
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* Examples:< | * Examples:< | ||
w = x<0 ? y=10 : z=20;</ | w = x<0 ? y=10 : z=20;</ | ||
- | |||
- | ===== switch structure ===== | ||
- | * See Gaddis 4.14. | ||
===== More about blocks and scope ===== | ===== More about blocks and scope ===== | ||
- | * See Gaddis 4.15. | + | * See Gaddis 4.15 (programs Pr4-28.cpp to Pr4-30.cpp). |
cplusplus/control_structures_selection.1359871457.txt.gz · Last modified: 2013/02/03 06:04 by mithat